Design Templates for Some Fractional Order Control Systems

Time domain characteristics of first and second order systems are well known. But the same simplicity and explicitness do not exist for low order fractional order systems (FOSs). Considering the step response, the templates are developed for designing the behavior of simple FOSs with a 2-term denominator polynomial (one is unity and the other involves fractional power). Although the explicit relations between design parameters and the performance parameters such as time constant, rise time, overshoot, settling time for fractional order control systems (FOCSs) do not exist and can't be obtainable as in the ordinary integer order control systems, the obtained templates in this paper can be used for designing low order FOCSs. Hence, the drawback of non-existence of similar explicit formulas for FOCSs is eliminated by using these templates

Comparison of Step Response Characteristics of Simple Fractional Order Systems and Second Order Systems

The step response characteristics of first and second order systems are well known. On the other hand, the step response of fractional order systems (FOSs) with 2-term fractional denominator is like those of first and second order systems. But there are important differences between the two types of characteristics. Considering the step response, the behavior of simple FOS with a denominator polynomial having unity term and the other involves fractional power is investigated in this paper comparatively with 1st and 2nd order systems. The results bring light for the design of fractional order control systems (FOCSs)

Somatic POLE mutations cause an ultramutated giant cell high-grade glioma subtype with better prognosis

Background. Malignant high-grade gliomas (HGGs), including the most aggressive form, glioblastoma multiforme, show significant clinical and genomic heterogeneity. Despite recent advances, the overall survival of HGGs and their response to treatment remain poor. In order to gain further insight into disease pathophysiology by correlating genomic landscape with clinical behavior, thereby identifying distinct HGG molecular subgroups associated with improved prognosis, we performed a comprehensive genomic analysis